Therapeutic Diet Teaching Plan Gluten Free Diet Free Essays

Celiac disease is a genetic disease which affects almost one percent of the U. S. population. We will write a custom essay sample on Therapeutic Diet Teaching Plan: Gluten Free Diet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Surprisingly enough, almost 95% of people with celiac disease are either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. Having celiac disease means that one’s immune system is attacking any gluten that has been ingested causing damage to the small intestine. The damage done to the small intestine will prevent absorption of necessary vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. The only way to treat celiac disease is by removing all gluten from one’s diet. Celiac disease can be difficult to diagnose. The symptoms are generally gas, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. Many people suffering from these symptoms tend to self-prescribe solutions such as Pepto-Bismol or other such remedies for common indigestion. The only way to get an accurate diagnosis is from an antibody test done via a simple blood test. If necessary, a small intestine biopsy can be performed as well to provide a more concrete confirmation of the presence of the disease. The unfortunate reality is that there is no pharmaceutical treatment available. The only solution is to go â€Å"gluten-fee. Once gluten has been consumed, the individual will have to live with the consequences until the body has been able to rid itself of the gluten. Although the symptoms might seem bearable enough to continue consuming gluten products, there are a number of serious side effects to that decision. A person afflicted with celiac disease that goes untreated will likely suffer from infertility, some cancers, and most defini tely malnutrition. Caring for a newly diagnosed celiac patient requires educating that patient on a number of topics. The first topic being that celiac disease is not short term. It will require a lifelong lifestyle change that can be difficult for a number of people. Also, as celiac can be asymptomatic and is genetic in nature, relatives (if not already) should also be tested for the disease. Once the initial shock has been allowed to sink in, presentation of diet options need to be completed as treatment should begin as immediately as possible. It is important to know what â€Å"gluten† is. Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Any food item containing any of the previously listed items will no longer be consumable for a patient with celiac. Gluten â€Å"hides† in all sorts of different food items. Reading labels will have to become a part of the grocery shopping experience. Even foods like chicken, which might carry the assumption of being gluten free, have to be purchased with caution as chickens are injected with wheat fillers to provide the meat with more flavor. It should not be assumed that packages claiming to be â€Å"gluten free† are. The only way to be sure is to read the label and note the ingredients. Also, food items that are processed on equipment which also handle wheat items should be eaten with caution. The most obvious attack to a celiac diet is that on the carbohydrate food group. Seemingly all bread items are no longer available including but not limited to: pizza, bagels, bread, pasta, and cakes. However, the good news is that with the rise in population of those afflicted with celiac, breads and other such carbohydrate products are being made with flaxseed and/ or brown rice. Instead of focusing on finding foods with a wheat base, one can look for breads made with rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, or tapioca. Although eating foods from the dairy group can be troublesome when immediately beginning treatment for celiac, these foods can be added back into the diet after a few weeks. It is okay to eventually eat cheese and milk. Most ice creams will need to be avoided as they most likely will contain gluten, especially those sporting fancy added toppings such as Oreos and/or cookie dough. There are a few other food items to take into consideration when planning gluten free meals. Processed and breaded meats along with breaded vegetables need to be avoided. Most canned soups, salad dressings, and soy sauce will contain gluten. Sadly, the vast majority of desserts will no longer be able to be enjoyed. Although, one can now find on the shelves of some grocery stores boxed mixes for items such as brownies and cookies. Of course, being a product of wheat and barley, beer is also no longer consumable. The gluten free diet will take getting used to. It can be extremely difficult to give up foods (pizza, for example) that have become personal favorites. It can be made even more frustrating by the fact that symptoms generally take several weeks to go away. However, once the symptoms are gone, the freedom from pain and discomfort will bring much more happiness than a piece of toast. How to cite Therapeutic Diet Teaching Plan: Gluten Free Diet, Papers

Business Information System Analysis Life Care

Question: Discuss about the Report for Business Information System Analysis of Life Care. Answer: Introduction: This paper is about the business system analysis of the Tele-health monitoring system. This system is used for some medical checkup facilities such as blood pressure, heart rate, and weight. Life Care is an organization which provides Tele-health or remote checkup systems to the clients. Life care hires equipments from Tunstall. The present users have some problems regarding the use of the system provided by the organization. Although the remote checkup facilities provided by the organization are very helpful for the monitoring services provided by the medical centers, but there are some potential negativities of the system, for which the users have some problems regarding the systems. In this report, the stakeholder analysis of the situation has been done. Questionnaire will be developed for identifying the perception of the users. After that, Use Case diagram of the system also have been provided in this report. Stake holder map: A stakeholder is a party that has an interest in a company, and can either affect or be affected by the business. The primary stakeholders in a typical corporation are its investors, employees and customers. Stakeholders can be internal or external. Internal stakeholders are people whose interest in a company comes through a direct relationship, such as through employment, ownership or investment. External stakeholders are those people who do not directly work with a company but are affected in some way by the actions and outcomes of said business. Internal-Operation: Hiring the equipments Developing the system Handling the system Internal-Executive: Employees of Tunstall Employees of Life Care External-Operation: Providing services to the clients Taking permit from the government authority External-Executive: Clients Government Authority Figure 1: Stake holder map (Source: Created by Author) There are four stakeholders of the system; Government authority, clients, employees of Life Care and the employees of Tunstall. The activities required for the operating the system for the business operations of the Tele-health services. The operations and the stakeholder association with the operations are categorized into two subsets; internal and external. The employees of Tunstall and Life Care are the internal stakeholders of the system. They are responsible for arranging the equipments and the total handling of the system for providing the checkup services to the clients (Lienert, Schnetzer Ingold, 2013). In order to use the systems and providing the health checkup services to the clients, Life Care needs to take the permit from the government authority. Therefore, the government authority is an important stakeholder of the system (Beynon-Davies, 2013). This stakeholder is considered as an external stakeholder of the system. The clients or users of the systems facilities are t he most important stakeholder. As the clients are not associated with the internal operations of the system handling, they are considered as the external stakeholders of the system (Chevalier, 2016). All the stakeholders of the system have to be aware about the operations of the system and the proper details of the equipments that are using for operating the systems. The two business organizations associated with the system are Tunstall and Life Care. They should analyze the impact of the equipments, if there exist some side effects of the equipments on the clients health conditions (Weiss, 2014). If so, then the clients should be aware about the facts by the organization. Questionnaire: The questionnaire will be distributed among the stakeholders of the Tele-health services for gathering their viewpoints regarding the use of the systems. The viewpoints will help the service provider to understand the actual problems faced by the stakeholders and their expectations from the system. Q1. What are the specific problems the users are facing with the Tele-health checkup service system provided by Life Care? Q2. Is the system provided by Life Care is able to meet the expected level of work efficiency for the users? Q3. What are the possible changes required in the existing system? Q4. Are the equipments provided by Tunstall OK for the system? Q5. What you think about the problems of the system, is it system fault or equipment fault? Q6. What are the recommendations given by you to solve the existing problems and make the system more efficient? Q7. Are there any government legislations regarding the business operations? Q8. Is there any side effects on the users health condition of using this check up service? Use Case diagram and analysis: Figure 2: Use Case Diagram (Source: Created by Author) Use Case Description: Use Case ID Primary Actor Use Cases UC-1 Customers Create an account, Browse for Services, Request for a services, Pay for the Services, Get the Service UC-2 Employees of Life Care Request for permission, Submit the documents, Get Permission UC-3 Employees of Tunstall Give the details about the uses of products, Place order for the equipments, Fix rent of the equipments, Get the equipments UC-4 Government Authority Request for permission, Submit the documents, Get Permission The stakeholders of the Tele-health system are represented as the users of the Use Case diagram and the operations between them are represented as the use cases. There are four users and three use cases. The information system for this business operation will handle all the detailed information regarding the users and the use cases. The business operations need to be performed by following all the rules and regulations of thee local and national governing authority (Rainer et al., 2013). The business organization need to take proper permission from the government by mentioning about the system, its equipments and services providing by the system. The details about the permission and the limitations of the system use should be stored in the system (Reich Benbasat, 2013). The system will be able to detect whether the regulations are properly maintained or not. This was about the first use case mentioned as Permit in the diagram. The second use case is the Equipment providing; this is about the arrangement of the equipments for operating the Tele-health services. The service provider organization Life Care will use the equipments provided from Tunstall. The equipments will be hired from the organization (Jrvelinen, 2013). The details about each of the equipments, their hiring dates, releasing dates and the conditions of the equipments all information need to be maintained by the information system used by Life Care (Singh, Sharma Saxena, 2016). The information regarding the use of each of the equipments in the combined system of Life Care should also be handled by this use case. The third use case of this diagram is the main business operation of the business, which is the health checkup service. All the information regarding the clients engagements with the services have to be maintained by the information system. The different types of services used by the clients and their personal details are the part of this use case (Almutairi et al., 2013). This use case of the system will also be responsible for maintaining the financial information or the payment details of the clients. The payments of the clients will be dependent on the time and type of use of the Tele-health services (Singh, Sharma Saxena, 2016). All this information should be properly maintained by the information system for the efficient handling of the business operations of Life Care. The authorized employees of Life Care with proper care should handle the information system. The information handling through the system should be managed without any error. A simple error in the information handling may be the cause of great hamper of the business operations of the organization (Al-alshuhai Siewe, 2015). All the information stored in the system should up to date as per the progress of the business operations. Conclusion: The business information system for providing the Tele-health services by Life Care has been analyzed in this paper. The system is able to provide the e-helath check up facilties to the clients. The details about the business and the stakeholder analysis have been provided in this paper. The internal and external stakeholders of the business operations and the information system have been identified and a questionnaire has been developed for gathering the feedbacks from the stakeholders. The Use Case diagram of the information system has been developed and analyzed in this paper, where the users are the stakeholders of the system and the operations are the use cases. Each of the use cases are about the handling of different types of information required for the efficient handling of the Tele-health service providing to the clients. The stakeholders of the information system and the business operations should be aware about the importance of the system and the authorized employees of Life Care should handle it with great care. References: Al-alshuhai, A., Siewe, F. (2015). An extension of the use case diagram to model context-aware applications. In SAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), 2015 (pp. 884-888). IEEE. Almutairi, S., Abu-Samaha, A., Bell, G., Chen, F. (2013). An enhanced use case diagram to model Context Aware Systems. In Science and Information Conference (SAI), 2013 (pp. 270-274). IEEE. Beynon-Davies, P. (2013). Business information systems. Palgrave Macmillan. Chevalier, J. M. (2016). Stakeholder analysis and natural resource management. Jrvelinen, J. (2013). IT incidents and business impacts: Validating a framework for continuity management in information systems. International Journal of Information Management, 33(3), 583-590. Lienert, J., Schnetzer, F., Ingold, K. (2013). Stakeholder analysis combined with social network analysis provides fine-grained insights into water infrastructure planning processes. Journal of environmental management, 125, 134-148. Rainer, R. K., Cegielski, C. G., Splettstoesser-Hogeterp, I., Sanchez-Rodriguez, C. (2013). Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business. John Wiley Sons. Reich, B. H., Benbasat, I. (2013). 10 Measuring the Information SystemsBusiness Strategy Relationship. Strategic Information Management, 265. Singh, M., Sharma, A. K., Saxena, R. (2016). Formal Transformation of UML Diagram: Use Case, Class, Sequence Diagram with Z Notation for Representing the Static and Dynamic Perspectives of System. In Proceedings of International Conference on ICT for Sustainable Development (pp. 25-38). Springer Singapore. Weiss, J. W. (2014). Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Burberry is a Public Limited Company free essay sample

In this report I will be evaluating the reasons for the success of two contrasting business.Burberry is a public limited company. A public limited company is usually a large, well-known business. This could be a producer or a sequence of retailers with branches in most city centres. Shares trade on the stock exchange. Burberry is a company which manufactures designs and distributes apparels and accessories under the Burberry brand. The main purpose of Burberry is to make a profit. The size of Burberry is a large as it has lots of employees across the UK. The number of employees in which Burberry have is 9,828. This is because they are international therefore they need a lot of employee. Burberry covers a wide range of sectors from primary to tertiary; this is evident as it makes products and also provides services to other companies. Oxfam is a non-profitable business in other words Oxfam is a charity. We will write a custom essay sample on Burberry is a Public Limited Company or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Oxfam is an international association of 14 organisations who are the trustees of the organisation, working in 98 countries worldwide to find lasting solutions to poverty and injustice. The purpose of Oxfam is to help create lasting solutions to the injustice of poverty. They are part of a global movement for change. Oxfam is a big organisation. Oxfam is an international confederation of 20 organizations working together with partners and local communities in more than 90 countries. This shows us how they help people because they aid in multiple countries. The sector of an Oxfam organisation is tertiary as it’s a charity organisation and it provides a service due to the fact that it helps people. Oxfam was founded a little later after Burberry. In this assignment I am required to produce a detailed report on two contrasting organisations. My two chosen organisations are Oxfam and Burberry who I have briefly described about above.Burberry and Oxfam are two contrasting businesses in the business domain. They both are very successful at what they do and are continuing to grow, even though one business is profitable and one is non for profitable. Burberry is a business which sells clothes and services to other companies, whereas, Oxfam is a large charitable organisation which gives a service in people which need help around the globe.

Mary Ann Shadd Cary - Abolitionist and Journalist

Mary Ann Shadd Cary - Abolitionist and Journalist About Mary Ann Shadd Cary Dates: October 9, 1823 - June 5, 1893 Occupation: teacher and journalist; abolitionist and womens rights activist; lawyer Known for: writing about abolition and other political issues; second African American woman to graduate from law school Also known as: Mary Ann Shadd More About Mary Ann Shadd Cary: Mary Ann Shadd was born in Delaware to parents who were free blacks in what was still a slave state. Education even for free blacks was illegal in Delaware, so her parents sent her to a Quaker boarding school in Pennsylvania when she was ten through sixteen years old. Teaching Mary Ann Shadd then returned to Delaware and taught other African Americans, until the passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850. Mary Ann Shadd, with her brother and his wife, emigrated to Canada in 1851, publishing A Plea for Emigration or Notes of Canada West urging other black Americans to flee for their safety in light of the new legal situation which denied that anyone black had rights as a U.S. citizen. Mary Ann Shadd became a teacher in her new home in Ontario, at a school sponsored by the American Missionary Association. In Ontario, she also spoke out against segregation. Her father brought her mother and younger siblings to Canada, settling in Chatham. Newspaper In March of 1853, Mary Ann Shadd began a newspaper to promote emigration to Canada and to serve the Canadian community of African Americans. The Provincial Freeman became an outlet for her political ideas. The next year she moved the paper to Toronto, then in 1855 to Chatham, where the largest number of escaped slaves and emigrant freemen were living. Mary Ann Shadd opposed views of Henry Bibb and others who were more separatist and who encouraged the community to consider their stay in Canada as tentative. Marriage In 1856, Mary Ann Shadd married Thomas Cary. He continued to live in Toronto and she in Chatham. Their daughter, Sally, lived with Mary Ann Shadd Cary. Thomas Cary died in 1860. The presence in Canada of the large Shadd family meant that Mary Ann Shadd Cary had support in caring for her daughter while continuing her activism. Lectures In 1855-1856, Mary Ann Shadd Cary gave anti-slavery lectures in the United States. John Brown held a meeting in 1858 at the home of Carys brother, Isaac Shadd. After Browns death at Harpers Ferry, Mary Ann Shadd Cary compiled and published notes from the only survivor of Browns Harpers Ferry effort, Osborne P. Anderson. In 1858, her paper failed during an economic depression. Mary Ann Shadd Cary began teaching in Michigan but left for Canada again in 1863. At this time she obtained British citizenship. That summer, she became a recruiter for the Union army in Indiana, finding black volunteers. After the Civil War At the end of the Civil War, Mary Ann Shadd Cary earned a teaching certificate, and taught in Detroit and then in Washington, D.C. She wrote for The National Era, Frederick Douglass paper, and for John Crowells the Advocate. She earned a law degree from Howard University, becoming the second African American woman to graduate from law school. Women's Rights Mary Ann Shadd Cary added to her activism efforts the cause of womens rights. In 1878 she spoke at the National Woman Suffrage Association convention. In 1887 she was one of only two African Americans attending a womens conference in New York. She testified before the U.S. House Judiciary Committee on women and the vote and became a registered voter in Washington. Death Mary Ann Shadd Cary died in Washington, D.C., in 1893. Background, Family Father: Abraham Doras Shadd, shoemaker and abolitionistMother: Harriet Parnell ShaddSiblings: twelve younger siblings Education Prices Boarding School, Chester, Pennsylvania (1832-1839)Howard University, B.A. Law, 1883 Marriage, Children husband: Thomas Cary (married 1856; he died in 1860)one child: Sally Cary

Web Content Mining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Web Content Mining - Essay Example As the research stresses search methods along with their underlying methodologies and supporting implementations have presented us with a great variation in structure. While search engines adopt the least structured methods, portals and directories attempt to adopt a fully structured taxonomy based approach. Wikis have evolved as a semi-structured approach that gained popularity as an effective means of topic-based information retrieval. According to the paper findings web pages (the information resources or documents) can also be searched using more advanced methods that involve the use of Boolean expressions to involve inclusions and/or exclusions, as well as to indicate required terms to appear in results. Not all search engines accept identical means of advanced search. Typically, most users repeatedly try simple keywords until they get an interesting set of documents. No matter how sophisticated the search algorithms are, the searchers’ sifting through text within billions of indexed pages is a highly undeterministic process. There are also commercial factors involved in the relative ranking of pages. Many search engine optimization (SEO) firms now specialize in maintaining good rank in search results for their clients’ sites. It is no simple process for a site or a page to be submitted to search engine that it would be found. SEO has become a discipline that involves statistical, marketing, and fi nancial aspects.

Sensory evaluation of food Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sensory evaluation of food - Assignment Example Sensory evaluation is sometimes done to label a product as acceptable or unacceptable. Sensory evaluation gives information about the typical characteristics of the food product or any of its ingredients so that any necessary change can be made to the food item or any ingredient can be avoided or replaced. A sensory analysis on a final product or newly introduced product would judge whether the food item is in line with its original specification. Feedback is collected after sensory evaluation so that any small or big amendment may be made to improve the product. Further evaluation would include the analysis of the food properties. Properties of the food and its ingredients are scientifically measured. These measured scientific properties are analyzed and interpreted to get the results. Sensory analysis would tell how the assessed food item is perceived through the five senses. Appearance, taste, smell, touch and hearing are the five factors that are used as parameters to analyze the food item. The color of the food item, its smell, its taste, its physical nature and sound would grade it. The color of a food item would reveal some of its properties. For example, deep fried items and those with artificial color would reveal its nature through its color. The smell of gravy will reveal the presence of absence of spices in it. Taste of a food item would disclose majority of its ingredients. Taste would reveal what is included and what is missing. As we touch a cake we will understand how much cream is used for making it. If you want to test a piece of banana or potato chips you just need to bite it once. Sensory evaluation would thus give complete analysis of a food item. Sensory evaluation is very much required for newly developed products. Sensory analysis would check whether a newly developed product is unique or comparable to another product of same range. Some products may be complete imitations of another product which is already established. Some may

Effects of chinas one child policy on women

Effects of chinas one child policy on women As the most populous country in the world, the Peoples Republic of China has been adopting the One-Child Policy since 1979 in order to improve the problem of overpopulation which is seen as an obstacle of the growth and development of the country. While the Chinese Government emphasizes its achievements of population control in China, the controversial policy has been widely criticized for its negative influences. This paper presents the One-Child Policys effects on the position of women. Womens position in this paper is basically defined by womens rights, freedom, respectability and social status .I will first briefly introduce the policy, then analyze both the positive and negative impacts with relevant data and statistics, and lastly come to a conclusion. The Policy and Population Growth Introduced in 1978 and implemented since 1979, the One-Child Policy is a family planning policy adopted by the Chinese Government in order to improve Chinas over-rapid population as to prevent its unfavourable effects on economic and social development of the country.(Information Office of the State Council Of the Peoples Republic of China 1995) The policy restricts married urban Chinese couples from having more than one child by imposing monetary penalties on families with extra children yet exemptions are allowed for couples who belong to ethnic minorities, live in rural area or do not have any siblings.(BBC News 2000) The One-Child Policy is considered successful in terms of its control on Chinas population growth as the birth rate in the county has been greatly decreasing since the introduction of the policy. (see Figure 1) Compared with 1970, in 1994 the birth rate dropped from 33.43 per thousand to 17.7 per thousand; the natural growth rate, from 25.83 per thousand to 11.21 per thousand; and the total fertility rate of women, from 5.81 to around 2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦According to statistics supplied by the United Nations, Chinas population growth rate has already been markedly lower than the average level of other developing countries. (Information Office of the State Council Of the Peoples Republic of China 1995) Figure 1. Changes in the total fertility rate in China Source: National Population and Family Planning Commission of China (2006) Violation of Womens Reproductive Rights Despite its success in population control, the One-Child Policy gives rise to criticisms among which one lies in its violation of womens reproductive rights. Reproductive rights are a subset of human rights first recognized at the United Nations International Conference on Human Rights in Teheran on 13th May 1986. According to the 16th article of the Proclamation of Teheran, Parents have a basic human right to determine freely and responsibly the number and the spacing of their children. Dixon-Mueller (1993: 12) suggests that reproductive rights can be defined as three types: 1. the freedom to decide how many children to have and when (or whether) to have them; 2. the right to have the information and means to regulate ones fertility; 3. the right to control ones own body. Reproductive freedom is the core of individual self-determination. The One-Child Policy does not only violate womens rights by limiting the number of their children but also leads to forced abortions in the country. Under the enforced policy, every 2.4 seconds there is a woman undergoing a forced abortion in China and this makes a total of about 35,000 abortions per day. (Phillips 2010: 1) Abortion is legal in China and as reported in China Daily in 2009, 13 millions of abortions are performed in China every year, which largely exceeds those performed in other countries such as the United States and Canada. (see Figure 2). There is a direct relationship between the One-Child Policy and Chines abortion rate. PostenYaukey (1992: 290) point out that the abortion rate in China increased by nearly 50% between 1978 and 1979 when the policy started being implemented. It is widely known that abortions can cause women health problems, not to mention its negative impacts on emotional and mental health. Ms. Reggie Littlejohn, president of Womens Rights Without Frontiers, criticized that The one child policy causes more violence toward women and girls than any other policy on the face of the earth. (Jiang 2009) Figure2. Abortion statistics in China, U.S.A., U.K., Canada and Australia Source: Jiang (2009) Unwanted Daughters and Sex-Selective Abortions A saying among peasants in China goes like this:The birth of a boy is welcomed with shouts of joy and firecrackers, but when a girl is born, the neighbours say nothing(WestleyChoe 2007: 2) In spite of Chinas modernization over the past decades, it is still common for Chinese parents to prefer sons to daughters. (Wang 1999: 197) Such a preference indirectly leads to sex-selective abortions as female fetuses are usually considered less precious than male ones, especially if the couples are allowed to have only one child. With fetal screening technologies such as ultrasound, amniocentesis and chorionic villi sampling, the sex of unborn fetuses can be recognized before their birth. Such technologies and available abortions result in the possibility that couples selectively abort female fetuses in the hope of having a son instead.(WestleyChoe 2007: 3) Beside sex-selective abortions, Chinas infant mortality rate is another thing to look into. Generally the mortality of male infants is expected to be greater than that of female ones as male infants are biologically weaker than female infants.(Li, 2007: 2) This assumption is also proved by the worlds infant mortality rate by sex.(See Table 1) However, as shown in Table 2, China goes in the reverse direction. It is believed that this unusual tendency is caused by female infanticides and daughter abandonments resulting from the son preference. Table 1. Worlds infant mortality rate by sex 1980-2010 Source: United Nations Population Division (2010) Table 2. Chinas infant mortality rate by sex 1980-2010 Source: United Nations Population Division (2010) Gender Imbalance Blessing or Curse? Together with the increasing female infant mortality, there is a rising trend of the sex ratio in China since the implement of the One-Child Policy.(See Figure 3) It is estimated by the State Population and Family Planning Commission that there will be 30 million more Chinese man than Chinese women in 2020. (BBC News 2007) Because of the supply-and-demand law that supply decreases t and demand remains unchanged then the value of supply increase, some people assume that if there are less women in China their values and social status should naturally rise. However, this law would make sense only if the demand of women was high. Poon(2008) points out that when women become the minority in a male-preponderant society like China, China may face a period of unprecedented male aggression, which would likely render women as victims and womens status even more precarious and vulnerable to subjugation. Figure 3. Rising sex ratio and excess female infant mortality in China Source: Sun (2005) Womens Empowerment The Mistaken Focus It is always emphasized by the Chinese Government that the One-Child Policy helps promoting womens empowerment and improving womens position as they are freed from heavy burdens brought about by having many children(National Population and Family Planning Commission of China 2006). This claim contains two causal relations: 1) Because of the One-Child Policy women have fewer children. 2) Women have fewer children so they can spend more time on their career. Both of them make sense in a large extent, but is the One-Child Policy a must to control the number of womens children? Probably no. Despite that Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC, the One-Child Policy is never implemented in the city, where the social position of women is relatively high. As shown in Figure 4, the fertility rate of Hong Kong kept dropping even and was even lower than that of China. Of course one can argue that there are various factors contributing to Hong Kongs low fertility rate, yet one can also question whether the One-Child Policy is the only factor causing the decline in fertility rate and the rise of womens position. Figure 4. Fertility rates from 1960-2005 in China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and East Asia Pacific Source: The United Families International (2010) The Single Child Generation The One-Child Policy does not only aim to decrease the birthrate but also to improve the quality of the new generation, the future pillars of China. It is commonly believed that having single daughters will raise the position of women as their parents provide them with better and more concentrated resources such as education and materials. It may be true in some ways, but Greenhalgh(2007.) points out that the One-Child Policy has produced the most materially and educationally privileged generation of young people in Chinese history who are spoiled and egocentric. Having been the focus of attention from the family throughout their growing-up years, these children are more dependent on others and easily hurt psychologically.(China Daily 2005) The new single-child generation in China has already concerning Chinese from the older generation. Do better resources necessarily create a better generation? If it does not, how can we expect a decline in qualities of children (both male and fema le) will result in better positions of women? Conclusion The One-Child Policy was claimed to be a short-term measure when it was first introduced in China.(Hesketh, Li Zhu 2005) Now that the policy has already been implemented for three decades, its negative consequences eventually appear and have aroused worries from the society. The policy negatively affects womens position as it violate womens rights and enhances the existing favoritism towards male children and it is not coming to an end yet. According to Zhao Baige, deputy director of the National Population and Family Planning Commission of China, although it is said that the policy has been slowly being relaxed ,Chinas family-planning policy will remain unchanged until at least 2015. (Kumar 2010) (1631 words)